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| The reluctant jihadi: how one recruit lost faith in Isis |
One morning in mid-January 2015, a small, furtive-looking man in a black hooded parka stood alone on the Turkish side of the Akçakale border crossing with Syria. The weather was sunny and cold, and there was almost no one in sight. The man glanced around uneasily, and finally approached a street sweeper in a blue jumpsuit. “I want to cross to the other side,” he said. “What can I do?” The street sweeper demanded 75 Turkish lira and pointed to a small hole in the fence, not far from the main gate.
The man paid him but hesitated. He had come a long way, and was now barely 10 metres from his destination: the dusty brown hills of northern Syria, where the Islamic State began. “What about the guards?” he said. “No problem,” the street sweeper replied. “Just go.” The man walked towards the hole in the gate. He bent down and squeezed through. On the other side, he began to run. One of the Turkish guards saw him and shouted. He did not stop.
The newcomer’s name was Abu Ali. He had another name and another life, but like most migrants to the Islamic State, he had cast it off. He wanted to be born again. In early 2015, Isis was at the height of its power, and was still attracting thousands of eager new disciples every month from all over the world. The American-led coalition had been bombing Islamic State targets for months, without dislodging it from any of its terrain.
If anything, it seemed to grow stronger. Isis regularly rolled out gruesome videos of public beheadings and executions, and trumpeted its practice of selling captured non-Muslim women into sex slavery. All this ferocity only seemed to amplify its appeal to young and frustrated Muslims.
But some of the true believers who arrived in the Islamic State were discovering that life there was not quite the paradise they had imagined. A new narrative – of disillusionment, of horror, of black comedy – was slowly leaking out from the inside. Abu Ali would become one of its voices.
I met him late last summer in Urfa, a Turkish town near the border. It was about three months after he had escaped from Isis, with the help of smugglers and a network of sympathetic activists. We spent the day sitting in an outdoor cafe in a public park, with Turkish families strolling around under the trees. The smell of sweet tobacco drifted by, and we could hear the squeals of children playing in a water fountain not far away.
Abu Ali was not an archetypal jihadi: short and bald, with a delicate chin and nervous brown eyes. He was 38 years old, and after a lifetime of smoking and drinking, he knew he was not cut out to be a fighter. He told me he had joined Isis in the hopes of getting a desk job and making himself into a good Muslim.
He had been born in Kuwait and carried a Jordanian passport, but had spent most of his life in Aleppo, the old trading hub in northern Syria. His life there had been a kind of parable of old-regime Arab corruption. He worked for his father, who made a good living as an expediter –helping Syrians navigate the maze of government bribes required to buy a car. Abu Ali helped out with the paperwork.
“I’d get up about 9am, go to the office, drink coffee and sign some papers for about two hours, and then go home,” he told me. “It was corrupt but it was OK with me.” He also went to bars and clubs and partied several nights a week, despite his wife’s constant haranguing. She was infertile, and the absence of children made their days especially empty.
By 2012, Abu Ali’s profligate life began tilting towards despair. His father’s government work had stopped after the rebel Free Syrian Army entered Aleppo. He was living off handouts from other family members abroad. He had held out some hope after the Syrian revolution started in 2011, but now he felt that everything was going to hell.
He had gone to religious school as a kid in Kuwait, and as the war closed in on Aleppo in 2012 he sought refuge in Islamic piety (though he could not bring himself to give up booze or cigarettes). One of his wife’s brothers was an officer in the Syrian military, and one day he told her that her brother was an infidel. That made her furious, and it got back to her family. One of her other brothers – a tailor – confronted Abu Ali, and after a shouting match, Abu Ali declared that he was divorcing his wife. In Islamic law, that’s all it takes. She moved out.
After that, Abu Ali felt he had nothing left to lose. He bought a plane ticket to Istanbul, and from there took a bus down to Urfa, in the south. Then it was a half-hour trip by minibus to the Syrian border. “My heart was pounding and pounding the whole trip,” he told me. “I hesitated a bit. But I told myself, it’s the devil trying to change my mind. Don’t listen. Just go.”
After Abu Ali had sneaked through the border fence into Isis territory that sunny January morning, he soon saw a group of men with long beards and guns, sitting in chairs by a building. He stopped short. “Why are you running?” one of them asked. “I am running to you!” he said, between gasps. He gestured backward towards the Turkish guards at the gate. The Isis man looked at him and smiled. “Relax,” he said. “They are our friends.”
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The Akçakale border crossing into Syria.
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“We want Arabs to join us, not just all these foreigners,” one of them said. After an hour or so, a car appeared, and another Isis man drove Abu Ali to a reception house not far away. It was a large, one-storey building with a garden out back, and about a dozen other new arrivals who were getting acclimatised.
"Only Americans and Europeans were allowed to slaughter the chickens in the garden. It was training for killing infidels"
“It was like an airport,” Abu Ali told me. “I saw Americans, English, French, people from other countries – there was only one Syrian.” For the next five days, he slept on a mattress and talked endlessly with the other migrants, who mostly spoke English. The Isis officials told them they were investigating their backgrounds. The emir in charge was Syrian, a very short, friendly man who had lost one of his legs in battle and hobbled around on an artificial one.
He once caught Abu Ali smoking and gave him a stern lecture, but otherwise he was always smiling. “Whatever you asked, they’d say, ‘No problem,’” Abu Ali said. “I told them I don’t want to fight, just an administration job,” he said. “They said, ‘No problem, but you must do the religious and military training like everybody else. You never know when you might need it.’ I said fine.”
There were chickens in the garden out back, and the emir insisted that only the Americans and Europeans be allowed to slaughter them. It was training for killing infidels, he said. That was a little odd, but it didn’t bother Abu Ali. One thing did. The emir mentioned in passing that the Free Syrian Army’s fighters were infidels. The other volunteers took it in their stride, but Abu Ali, who has a constitutional inability not to speak his mind, asked what he meant. “Let’s not talk about this now,” the emir said. “We’ll discuss it after the sharia course.”
Abu Ali persisted. “I have seen FSA fighters praying. They fast at Ramadan. Doesn’t that mean they’re Muslims?” The emir looked impatient. “Like I said, we’ll talk about it later,” he said. “You really need a religion course.”
At the end of five days, the new recruits were told it was time to leave. Abu Ali got into a minibus with about 15 others, and they were driven to Raqqa, the Islamic State’s capital, about an hour away. They spent a day there in another guesthouse, and then a bus drove them westward for several hours, until the roads turned into dirt tracks and they climbed into the Bel’as mountains, a dry, craggy range of dun-coloured peaks to the east of the city of Homs. It was very cold and there was snow on the ground. The men got off the bus and walked along a path towards a group of caves in the mountain slope. Other buses were arriving nearby. This was where the sharia training would take place, they were told.
For the next two weeks, all of the men would be woken up before dawn. They would perform the dawn prayer, then go outside for running and press-ups before the sharia lessons began at first light. The lessons were very basic, focusing on the difference between Muslims and non-Muslims, and the requirement to fight infidels and apostates. Many of the recruits knew no Arabic, and some were illiterate.
At breakfast they were given a few bits of white cheese –“it was cubes, like that Vache Qui Rit stuff,” Abu Ali said – some stale bread, and water. Later in the day, it was beans and bread. In the evening, after prayers, the recruits would gather inside the cave for announcements and news updates, often broadcast with a laptop and projector against the cave wall.
One night the emir in charge of the training course, a bald Syrian with pale skin who, in his previous life, had been a history teacher in Homs, said there was a special event in store. Once the men were all seated on the cave floor, the emir turned on the projector and a video flickered on the cave wall: an Arab man in an orange jumpsuit in a cage. Flames licked towards the cage, following a trail of petrol, and engulfed the man.
A voiceover intoned that this was the Jordanian pilot Moaz al-Kasasbeh, who had been captured after his plane crashed. His grotesque execution by fire was seizing the world’s attention at that moment, and even some jihadis were denouncing it as an immoral act. The men in the cave were also shocked, but they stayed quiet. The emir stood up and explained that this pilot had dropped bombs on Muslims, and his execution by fire was a just retribution under Islamic law. The men listened in silence.
Abu Ali soon sensed dozens of eyes turning in his direction. He was the only Jordanian there, and they all knew it. He had not said anything, but his horror at the video must have been visible on his face. The emir also stared at him. Then the emir muttered something and laughed derisively. Some of the recruits followed suit. This was clearly some sort of loyalty test. Abu Ali felt their eyes on him, and he began to shake. He had been taught as a child that burning a man to death was forbidden in Islam. The images had sickened him.
He held steady for a minute or so, and then he heard himself say, “May God help me.” Almost immediately, two Isis guards took him by the arms and led him out of the cave. The emir followed later. He sat down on the rocks with Abu Ali and asked him why he had spoken those words. Did he question what Isis had done? Abu Ali said no. He had only spoken out because people were provoking him. The emir seemed satisfied. “At the beginning of this course you were a kafir (an unbeliever),” he said. “Now you are becoming a Muslim.”
Abu Ali was intensely relieved. He had escaped punishment. But from that moment on, he told me, “I began to suspect everything around me.”
When the two-week sharia course was over, most of the men were transported to another group of damp mountain caves a few miles away. They now started the military training class. It followed a similar routine: up at dawn for prayers and a few scraps of cheese and bread, followed by some live-fire exercises with AK-47s and rocket-propelled grenades.
There was also a lot of running. Abu Ali, with his smoker’s lungs, would just sit down on the rocks when he got tired. The trainers shouted at him, and he would hold up his hand and shout back: “I’m doing administration, not combat.” He was already getting a reputation as a laggard.
On the last day of the course, the men were summoned from their cave in the morning and asked to recite an oath of loyalty. As soon as the oath was over, the men were split up into groups. Abu Ali found himself standing with about three dozen other men near a bus. A Syrian commander in battle fatigues told them they were going to the frontlines in Iraq. “Sir, I don’t want to go to the frontline,” Abu Ali told the commander. “They said I could do administration in Raqqa.” The commander looked at him, stone-faced. “You swore an oath,” he said. “You must listen and obey now. The penalty could be death.” Abu Ali stood for a moment, registering the shock, then he walked towards the bus.
After a few days of travel, Abu Ali arrived in Garma, a village just west of Baghdad near the frontline. Abu Ali and 12 other men were led to a former Iraqi army officer in civilian dress. They could hear war planes soaring overhead, and every now and then the earth shook as a bomb exploded. With almost no formalities, the commander pointed to a large earth berm about 350 metres away. “The Iraqi army is on the other side of that berm,” he said. “You will capture the berm tomorrow morning.”
Once again, Abu Ali’s reactions got the better of him. “How the hell are we going to capture that berm?” he said. “It’s 12 of us against the Iraqi army.” The officer looked surprised at this breach of Isis protocol. “Allah is with you,” he said. “You will be victorious.” A few hours later, they were given a more detailed briefing. They would attack shortly after 3am.
The squad leader, another Iraqi, suggested that Abu Ali wear a suicide belt into battle. He refused outright. “Why don’t you wear it?” he said. “You want to go to paradise more than I do.” The leader was not amused. He told Abu Ali to man a Dushka, a Russian-made heavy machine gun. Abu Ali replied that he had no idea how to use a Dushka. As it turned out, another man came forward just before the attack and said he knew how to fire a Dushka. Abu Ali, exhausted and terrified, nearly wept with relief. He was assigned to the medical team.
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| Pro-government fighters in Garma, outside Baghdad, where Abu Ali was sent with Isis forces to attack the Iraqi army. |
For the next few hours, Abu Ali and another recruit dragged wounded men from the battlefield. It was terrifying work. They could hear and feel bullets whizzing past them in the pre-dawn darkness, and some of the men they dragged – there were no stretchers – were screaming in pain. They had to leave many others behind. The battle went on for two more days, until it was clear that the assault was failing.
On the morning of the third day, Abu Ali and a new friend named Abu Hassan walked together into the headquarters in Garma and confronted the Iraqi commander. “We don’t want to fight any more. You are leaving dead and wounded men behind. The prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, did not force men to fight against their will.” The commander seemed disgusted but unsure what to do. Finally, he sent the two men to a less dangerous position.
Abu Ali knew he was taking a risk by refusing to fight, but the alternative, he felt, was almost certain death. He expected a punishment. Instead, to his surprise, he found himself almost forgotten. He and Abu Hassan were left for days in an abandoned house in Garma. They got along well. Abu Hassan was a former thief who had joined Isis in the hopes of making some money. As it turned out, Isis paid him a monthly salary of $150 at first, and then stopped. Abu Ali told me he was repeatedly promised a salary for months, and paid a grand total of $50.
The two conscientious objectors were in luck: there was electricity in the house, and even better, a television. They spent hours watching news updates and movies. They knew this was strictly forbidden by Isis, so they kept the windows shut. This made it almost unbearably hot and stuffy inside, but it was better than boredom. At one point Rambo came on.
“I wish Rambo would join us here,” Abu Ali said. “We really need him.” That got a long chuckle from Abu Hassan. Later they watched music videos by Elissa, the Lebanese pop singer. A woman showing her body and singing: this was very forbidden.
After a day or so, a fellow Isis fighter from Kurdistan stopped by the house and caught them with the TV on. He gave them a lecture and they promised to reform. After he left, they waited about five minutes. Abu Hassan looked at Abu Ali, who nodded, and he turned the TV back on. It was a news show with a woman presenter.
Suddenly the door burst open. It was the Kurdish fighter, who had waited just outside to ambush them. He pointed his AK at the TV and fired. Abu Ali jumped backwards as glass and TV components sprayed across the room, and began shouting: “Hey man, we’re your brothers, calm down! We committed a sin but we won’t do it again!” The Kurd glared at them and stamped out.
The next day Abu Ali was transferred to another guesthouse in the city of Falluja, not far away, which was under Isis control. This one was crowded with men. Not long after, he was amazed to hear the sound of two girls giggling in the next room. Another fighter told him the girls were Yazidis who had been captured in northern Iraq eight months earlier, when Isis overran the area and sold hundreds of Yazidi women and girls into sex slavery. They were 13 and 14 years old, the man said. They had been offered to the governor of Falluja, who didn’t want them, so they were being kept there for the moment.
Abu Ali had heard about the Yazidi sex slaves, though he had never encountered any himself. The men called them “sabaya”. They were mostly rewards for officers or men who had done well on the front – not for delinquents like Abu Ali. Over the next few hours he heard the girls laughing, and once he heard them sobbing. He assumed it was because they missed their families. Later that day, a shouting match erupted in the dozen or so men in Abu Ali’s guesthouse. All of them wanted the sabaya. It went on for half an hour or so, getting increasingly heated.
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| A displaced Iraqi woman from the Yazidi community. Isis sold hundreds of Yazidi women and girls into sex slavery. |
Then a man in fatigues burst into the guesthouse. He looked like a commander. He asked where the sabaya were, and one of the men pointed to the door of the next room. He marched in without a word. Two loud shots rang out. The man in fatigues walked out again. Abu Ali, sitting in a chair by the door, stared up at him, frozen. “What did you do?” he asked. The man seemed unruffled. “Those girls were causing trouble between the brothers, so I dealt with them,” he said. And he walked out.
Abu Ali was not the only Isis member who was sickened by what he saw. The initial euphoria had worn off for many of the migrants. Some of them complained about unnecessary cruelty, some about favouritism and hypocrisy in the ranks. Many others simply had not reckoned on the rigours of life in a terrorist army. A few of them, amazingly, complained that Isis was not radical enough – that it was bending its principles for political reasons.
There are no reliable numbers, but by early 2015 one anti-Isis rebel group in northern Syria began hearing so many stories about people desperate to escape that it organised a smuggling network to bring them out. I met one defector who was as different from Abu Ali as anyone could be: 22 years old, well-built, recklessly brave, with years of combat experience behind him. He went by the nom de guerre Abu Abdullah.
He said that he had taken part in the conquest of Raqqa, the Isis capital, and later served in the group’s intelligence wing, helping to plant bombs and sniff out traitors, some of whom were later executed.
Abu Abdullah’s disillusionment began, he told me, in the late summer of 2014, when a tribe in eastern Syria called the al-Shaitat had rebelled against Isis, and in the ensuing battles, close to a thousand of them were massacred. Abu Abdullah knew little about it, but was assigned to provide security for a convoy of dump trucks that was en route to the town of Slouk, not far from where the battle took place. Outside the town is a deep natural gorge known as al-Houta.
As the trucks arrived at the edge of the gorge and tilted their beds back, Abu Abdullah watched in horror as the corpses of women and children began tumbling out. It was not just a few. There were dozens of them. Many had been shot in the head.
The little bodies rolled down the slope of the gorge, shedding bloody scarves and shoes as they went, like garbage flooding into a bin. Abu Abdullah was not a reflective man, from what I could tell. He was a bullheaded kid who had joined Isis because he thought they were the best shot to liberate his hometown. But “at moments like that, you doubt”, he told me.
He kept fighting for Isis another six months. The disappointments accumulated. He watched as a corrupt commander evaded punishment through connections with high-ranking Isis figures. When Abu Abdullah tried to report the violations, it was he who went to jail, not the commander. Once he knew he wanted to defect, in the spring of 2015, he rode back to the al-Houta gorge one afternoon on his motorcycle. After checking to make sure no one was around, he climbed down and shot a film with his phone. It is a haunting video.
In the golden afternoon light, the gorge looks a little like part of the Grand Canyon, with layered sedimentary rocks in varying tones of rusty brown and umber. The camera pans upwards, showing the fading blue sky, the silhouette of a rock formation, and then down towards the black hole at the bottom. You can see corpses strewn at various places on the way down. Some are very close to the camera, and some have rolled down towards the pit.
The film unfolds in silence, apart from the occasional grinding of Abu Abdullah’s shoes on the stones and sand. It goes on for more than five minutes, and at a certain point you begin to wonder why he is continuing to film the same motionless scene for so long. Then it dawns: the camera is reflecting his own preoccupation. This is a place he cannot forget.
After two weeks of idleness, marooned in his guesthouse in Falluja, Abu Ali was packed on to a bus bound for Syria. The men on board knew they were likely to be punished. Arriving back in Raqqa, they were taken to a soccer stadium, known as Point 11: a notorious Isis prison and security centre. Abu Ali and the other 27 men with him had their rifles taken away and were put into a former locker room in the stadium basement.
They stayed there for a day, and were then blindfolded and driven by bus to another holding centre. Many were terrified,believing that they were going to be executed. Instead, a man arrived the next day and addressed them. “Brothers, do not say, ‘I will not fight any more.’ Just say, ‘I prefer to fight in Syria.’ You will be given one more chance.”
All the men agreed, and later that day, Abu Ali was driven to his first new assignment: prison guard at Point 11. The three weeks he spent there made him more sure than ever that he could not stomach the violence of life in the Islamic State. He often heard the screams of prisoners being tortured. Abu Ali used his phone to shoot a three-minute video in the basement of Point 11.
It is painful to watch: a gaunt old man with white hair and a long white beard lies on the floor of what looks like a locker room, while Isis soldiers kick and beat him savagely. The old man begs for mercy. Eventually, the soldiers drag him by his arms into a dark room, and the clip ends.
After three weeks at Point 11, he was bussed north, to another battle zone not far from Aleppo. He got close enough to the front line that he could hear the warplanes shrieking overhead, and feel the ground shaking after the bombs struck. It was like Iraq all over again. He was terrified. Abu Ali couldn’t help himself.
“Why do I have to fight?” he asked his new commander, a strong-looking Syrian who was about 20 years old. “They told me I could be in administration. I’m not young like you, I’m 38 years old. My knees are bad. I can barely run.”
The man looked at him impatiently but let him stay in the rear for a day. Abu Ali found himself wishing a stray bullet would hit him in the arm, just enough injury to get him a desk job.
The next day Abu Ali came up with more excuses. He said that he had been an alcoholic before joining Isis, and had a nerve disease as a result. He was passed from commander to commander. All of them knew he was lying, but eventually they got so sick of dealing with him that they gave in. A Tunisian commander gave him a withering look and a document that exempted him from battle on medical grounds. “We really don’t need people like you,” he said.
A few days later, Abu Ali found himself alone in a house in the town of Manbij, not far from the front. There was an internet cafe next door, and to his delight, he was able to access the wireless signal. Soon after he did so, he heard the chime of a WhatsApp message on his phone. He looked at it and his heart leapt: it was his wife. She had seen that he was online. She had written an old expression that they both liked: “If you love something, let it go. If it doesn’t come back, it wasn’t meant for you. But if it does, it will be yours forever.” After reading it, Abu Ali hesitated for a minute or two before answering.
He found himself shaking with emotion. There was another chime. She had written: “What’s the matter? Don’t you know me?” He wrote back teasingly: “No, you must have the wrong number.” But almost instantly he began writing again, asking how she was, and where. He apologised for his mistakes. He told her he wanted to come back.
"At the last checkpoint, an Isis soldier eyed Abu Ali suspiciously and asked why he was going to the border"
As he recalled that moment, months later, Abu Ali told me: “The second I saw her first message I started hating them all. I said to myself: what an idiot I’ve been. What have I done?” It was then, he said, that he knew he had to get out. He had heard a rumour that one of his comrades in the Iraq battle, a man from Morocco, had escaped to Turkey. He sent him a WhatsApp message. The Moroccan wrote back quickly.
He said he was in Istanbul. He gave the name and number of a man he said could help. Abu Ali sent a message to that man, who wrote back and told him to wait for instructions. Two days later, the man wrote again: go to Raqqa. Equipped with his sick-leave document, Abu Ali got on a civilian bus early the next morning. He was wearing an Afghan-style cloak that identified him as a member of Isis, and no one gave him any trouble.
When he got to Raqqa, he went straight to an internet cafe and stayed there for hours. He had no idea what he would do if he had to stay overnight. Finally a message appeared on his phone: go to Tal Abyad, right now. A second message gave him the name of another internet cafe and a time. He went to the main bus depot in Raqqa, where it was easy enough to find a bus heading north to Tal Abyad, near the Turkish border.
At the last checkpoint, an Isis soldier eyed him suspiciously and asked why he was going to the border. Abu Ali pulled out his documents and started to explain. It turned out that the soldier, who looked about 15, was illiterate. He let Abu Ali pass.
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| Tal Abyad in northern Syria, where Abu Ali was picked up by the group who helped him escape Isis. |
By the time he arrived in Tal Abyad it was 9pm, well past dark. He found an internet cafe and went inside to wait for the next message. As he looked around, it became clear that everyone in the cafe was Isis: long beards, AKs on the shoulders, Afghan robes. Abu Ali felt himself shaking. He tried not to look at anyone, but one man was eyeing him suspiciously. The meeting time came and went. It was almost 11pm, and the cafe would soon be closing. He said to himself: that’s it, I’m done for.
Finally, just before 11pm, two motorcycles pulled up just outside, and one of the riders shouted through the cafe door at Abu Ali: “The food’s ready, sorry we’re late.” Abu Ali got up to go. As he did so, the Isis man who had been staring at him in the cafe stepped forward. “Where are you from?” he said. Abu Ali replied in an Aleppo accent – he figured a local by himself was less suspicious than a foreigner: “I’m sorry, I’m late, I have to go.”
He walked out the door and got on the back of one of the motorcycles, scarcely breathing. But the bike took off down the road and no one followed. The next day, after a sleepless night in a nearby house, the men who had rescued him from the cafe accompanied him to a remote stretch on the border.
The men were paid smugglers working for a network called Thuwar Raqqa, or Revolutionaries of Raqqa. The group had started helping people escape from Isis only a few months earlier. It was a small fighting organisation, about 1,200 men in all, allied with both the Free Syrian Army and the dominant Kurdish paramilitary group in northern Syria. Its members were all from Raqqa and the surrounding area, and they had many informants and allies in territory ruled by Isis.
They thought of themselves as a kind of government in exile, and were already sketching out plans for the reconquest of their home city. I met two of the group’s members in Turkey. They were both quiet and watchful, and seemed to speak only as much as was necessary. They were extraordinarily brave men, who regularly risked their lives in Isis territory. Several of their comrades have been beheaded by Isis, accused – correctly – of spying.
They were the same two men who greeted Abu Ali as he crawled through a hole in the border fence to freedom on the night of 25 May 2015, just over four months after he had entered Isis territory. He lived for the next three months under their protection, in a rented apartment near the border. “These are my friends,” Abu Ali told me when I met him in Urfa. “They saved me.”
But someone else had saved him too. After a few weeks, Abu Ali’s handlers gave him permission to take a bus north to the resort town of Antalya. He waited until 3am and walked to the house where his wife and her family were living. (She had told him where to go via WhatsApp). When he was just below her window, he typed into his phone: “I’m here.”
A few minutes later she slipped out. They faced each other in the darkness and embraced for a long time. He could feel her sobbing against his chest. They walked to a public park nearby, sat down on a bench and talked for about an hour. “I forgive you,” she said finally. “But don’t fuck up again.” Dawn was about to break. He walked her back to the house, and she said she would persuade her brothers to let them get married again. He gave her a last kiss, and she went inside.
guardian
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